System of transmitting images to a distance.



A..G. & L. S. ANDERSEN. SYSTEM or TRANSMITTING IMAGES TO A DISTANCE.

APPLICATION IILBD DEC. 16, 1909. v 1,040,1 10. Patented 001;. 1, 1912.

2 sums-3mm 1.

j/iveriZa rr A. c. & L. s. ANDERSEN. SYSTEM OF TRANSMITTING IMAGES TO A DISTANCE.

APPLICATION FILED D30. 16, 1909.

UNITED STATES PA ENT orr on.

aunnns onm'srmu ammnsnn AND LAURITZ sornos ANDERSEN, or oorsunaenn,

' DENMARK. I

SYSTEM OF TRANSMQETTING IMAGES TO A DISTANCE.

1040,11 0. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented f, 1, 1912;

Application filed December 16, 1909. Serial No. 533,472.

fib 'all whom may concern: ject (in reality farther removed from the I -"'Be it known that we, Animus CHRISTIAN chamber 1 and greater than the drawing in- ,ANDERSEN and LAURITZ SorHUs Annie-risen, dicates). The rays a b a d coming from the subjects of the King of Denmark, residing screen 6 after refraction in the lens 7 of the 6 at Copenhagen, K, Denmark, have invented chamber, form upon the endless ribbon 8 60 certain new and useful Improvements in a real image a b c d reversed and re- Systems of Transmitting Images to a Dis- 'duced by the screen 6. This ribbon-is fiat, tance; and we do hereby declare the folcontinuous, and opaque except at certain lowing to be a full, clear, and exact descripperforated points arranged according to a tion of the invention, such as will enable diagonal line (Fig. 3). The distances sepa- 65 others skilled in the art to which it apperrating the holes 9 depend upon the size of tains to make and use thesame. the image in the dark chamber. These The invention relates to an apparatus for holes are spaced apart in such a manner that transmitting to a distance, by means of eleconly one point can be located at each in- 1 tric conductors, the images of natural obstant within the field of the image inthe 70. jects with their colors and movements. dark chamber. The ribbon 8 is. displaced I One method of carrying out the invenfrom above downwardly under the action tion is represented on the drawing in which: of a motor mechanism with a convenient Figure 1 shows the installation collecspeed, between the chamber-and the casing;

tively, comprising a transmit-ting stat-ion it forms thus the end of the dark chamber 75.

and a receiving station connected by a line, and separates it from the casing 2. The Fig. 2 shows a disk which may be employed luminous rays traversing the perforations in placeof a ribbon for intercepting the of the ribbon fall upon the lens 3 and are luminous rays. Fig. 3 shows'a perforated received by the small selenium cell 4. Only 95 ribbon. Fig; 4 shows a side view of an one point comes at each instant within the 80. arrangement for the separation ofthe colfield of the image as the figure shows, in ored rays proceeding from the image in the which the point 9 is in the field, the point dark chamber. Fig. 5 shows a front view 2 being outside. The point 9 is the first of this arrangement. Fig. 6 shows a side and the point 9 the last pointof the oblique view of an arrangement serving for the line formed by the perforations of the rib- .85 coloration of the rays which form the image. bon.- When the ribbon has been displaced Fig. 7 represents a front view of the same the whole of its length and has passed the arrangement. Fig. 8 represents a ribbon image in the dark chamber, each of the used in place of the disk for separating the points of perforation has crossed the part of colored rays of the image in the dark chamthe image which is presented to view and is her. Fig. 9 represents a ribbon employed in displaced from a to c. For example, if place of a disk for coloring the rays formt ere is an illuminated point of the image ing the image. 5 w ichis located opposite the point 9 of The installation comprises two apparatus the ribbon the luminous ray which arrives functioning simultaneously and operating there traverses the ribbon and falls upon the one as a transmitter and the other as a the converging lens of the small selenium receiver: these apparatus are moved sepacell; the same phenomenon is produced by rately by a motor device; their movements all the points of the image and according are synchronous and the regulation is ef-' as thesepoints are more or less illuminated 45 fected by an arrangement of electrically 210-." the selenium cell receives a quantity of light 1 tuated clockwork utilizing the line of the more-or less great. N apparatus. The method whereb coloration is ob- The transmitter apparatus A comprises a tained will be indicated below.

dark chamber 1, at the back of which isar- It is known that selenium presents an elec- 50 ranged a casing 2 in which is placed a lens tric resistance which diminishes according 0 3 which receives the rays issuing from the as it receives a greater amount of light. If dark chamber. These rays, after being reone causes the current coming from the batfracted, meet a small cell of selenium 4, tery to'pass into the selenium cell by means placed behind a prism 22 and mounted on the of wires 10 and 10' there will be pulsations support 5. The screen 6 represents an obof current responding exactly to the tion of the image. Th

ribbon 19 is like the ribbon 8 of the transmitter 8 at an the image in the chamber 1.

tions of illumination of the selenium cell. The conductor 10'is connected to the Winding of an electro-magnet f placed at the receiving station B and from there the currentreturns through the conductor 12 to the battery 6.

The receiving station B consists of a projector apparatus 14: with a lamp 15 and a concave mirror 16 with two lenses 17 and 18, a magnet f, an arm 9 and an endless ribbon 19 absolutely similar to the ribbon 8 of the transmitting station A. This ribbon comprises the same number of perforations 20 arranged obliquely. These perforations combined with the electro-magnet f and with the arm 9 serve to separate the rays h z j k which proceed from the luminous source 15 and fall upon the screen 21. In front of the arm 9 ,is placed an arrangement (not shown) for producing the colorae arm 9 is provided with a plate 22 comprising unequally transparent portions 23, 2 1, 25; the portion 25, which in the case shown in the figure is lo cated at the focus of the rays 71. i 7' k is opaque, the portion 23 is completely transparent and the intermediate portion 24 has a transparency increasing gradually from the portion 25 up to the portion 23. The arm 9 is actuated by'the magnet f by means of the core 26 of this electromagnet; this core slides in the guide 27 and is connected to the arm 9 by a plug 28. The arm 9 is movable about an axis 29 to which is fixed a spring 30 which tends to apply the arm g against the stop 31; in this manner the opaque portion 25 is normally maintained at the focus. A stop 32 prevents the core from coming in contact with the yoke. The displaced by the-motor device exactly similar speed.

The projection on the screen 21 of the rays which form the image is effected in the same order as the reception by the selenium cell 4 of the rays coming from 9 and 20 of the ribbons 8 and 19 are located at exactly the same spot in the field of the image in the dark chamber and in the opening in the projector apparatus.

onsequent on the simultaneous operation of the electro-magnet f,the arm and the ribbon 19, the rays falling upon the plate 22 are more or less absorbed according as the corresponding spot is more or less dark. If for example there is in the image an illuminated point which comes opposite the point 9 of the ribbon 8, the ray traverses the hole and reaches the selenium cell 4 which according to this illumination causes :1 current to pass, more or less intense, in the wire of the electro-magnet f. This electromagnet attracts with a corresponding force the core 26 which causes the arm 9 to turn ofte The points ,ribbons.

around the axis 29 manner, according to the illumination of the cell, the corresponding portion of the plate 22 will be brought to the focus of the luminous rays. The ray IL proceeding from the luminous source '15 passes across the hole 20 and gives on the screen 21 an image of which the luminous intensity corresponds to that of the object.

The synchronous displacement of the ribbons produces the movement of the holes 9 and 20. Accordingly the selenium cell receives other rays which are reproduced at the receiving station with the same luminous intensity and the same phenomenon is repeated for all of the points of the image according as the movements of the ribbons bring their perforations of the projector apparatus. In front of these two apparatus the two ribbons are constantly displaced their entire length at a predetermined speed.

he rays are continually distributed at a speed greater than that of the perception human eye. Thus all the movements of the man, animals, etc., the image of which is reproduced, are perceived.

The screen 21 is supposed to be more re moved from the projector apparatus and greater than indicated in the drawing. The reversed and reduced image given ofthe object in the dark chamber 1 on the ribbon is reproduced by the aid of-the ribbon 19 by the pencil of rays h z j k issuing from the lamp 15 and refracted by the lenses 17 and 18. There is thus formed on the screen 21 a true and enlarged image of the object. Without changing the method, wheels or disks 33 may also be employed for dividing up the image, instead of ribbons (see Fig. 2, in which the dotted square 34 represents the size of the image). The holes arranged on the disk following the points 35 are arranged on a discontinuous spiral line. The order of distribution of the points is the same as in the case of the ribbons 8 and 19; the distance of the holes depends on the dimensions of the field of the two apparatus. In this manner the points which are located at the same instant in the field of the two apparatus will be corresponding points. When the disks 33 have made a complete turn all the holes have traversed the fields absolutely as in the case of the The dimensions of the ribbons 8 and 19 and of the disks 33 vary within limits and maybe unequal in length and breadthin such a manner that the distances separating the holes may be also different while the number of points of perforation remain always the same. The size of the holes varies also according to the dimensions of the image to be reproduced. An image of reduced size can be obtained by employing ribbons or disks of smaller dimensions. Without'changing the method one may ar- (scc Fig. 7). In this Y terrupted spiral lines,

images and the corresponding coloration of.

range the perforations of the disks and of the ribbons so as to follow oblique or spiral lines more or less continuous (see Figs. 9. and 3 in which the dotted lines show the ribbon 8 and the disk 33 divided by two oblique lines'36 or by spirals 37). By reason of'the employment of perforations dividing the images by oblique lines or by inthe continuous movement of the disk and of the ribbons. in the same direction produces an overlapping; the rays coming from the luminous source 15 mix and crowd one upon the other; accordingly a. continuous image is obtained.

The separation of the colored rays of the the rays in the transmitter apparatus and the receiver apparatus are obtained by the arrangement represented in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7. Fig. 4 shows in a side view the arrangement serving to separate the rays of the different colors forming the image before causing these to strike the selenium cell; for this purpose amounts of deviation are utilized given through the prism by the rays of diiferent colors. In the receiver apparatus A a prism 79 is employed on which all the rays d, a fall, coming from the lens 3. After refraction the different rays form'a spectrum 38 on disk 39- which receives a movement-of rotation from the motor apparatus. Opposite the spectrum 38 and against the disk 39 is placed the selenium cell 4 on the support 5 and connected to the conductor wires 10 and 10'. The disk 39 is opaque but on its edge it is provided with cavities or holes 41 (see Fig. 5 which shows in a front view the disk 39 'with the spectrum 38 and the selenium cell 4). The width of the holes 41 corresponds to the width of each colored band while theirdistance corresponds to the total length of the spectrum 38. There is thus only one hole which can be located at each instant in front of the spectrum. The distribution of the colors of'the spectrum-is produced by the prism-p accordingto the indic'e's if' refraction of the different rays in the followingaorderz violetv'42, indigo blue 43,"blue;44, green 45,"yellow 46, orange 47,

' are obtained by the decomposition of-white light. .Natural objects do not emit one single color but several. For the transmitting apparatus A it is assumed that at each instant the light proceeding from a single point of perforation is sent toward the lens 3.

The luminous pencil of rays is dispersed through the prism 10 according to the rays which compose it and followin the order indicated above. This pencil o rays is received by the disk 39. The disk 39, the holes 41. of which permit the rays to pass to the selenium cell, turns in the direction of the arrow with a speed such that the hole which whole periphery of is in the spectrum 38 traverses the whole spectrum during the period of emission corresponding to one point of the image in the chamber; accordingto the simple colorations forming the image of the point (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo blue or violet) the elementary colored rays are sent to the selenium cell 4 in proportion as the hole of the disk is presented in front of. them. i-Vhen, the hole has traversed the whole 'of the spectrum 38 another hole ofv i" the disk enters into the spectrum and the.-

same thing is repeatedfor all the points of' the'image. r The arrangement employed for the coloration of the rays forming the image is seen in side view in Fig. 6 which shows a disk 49 mounted on the axis 50'and placed at the receiving station B at the focus of'the rays 71. is proceeding from the luminous source and issuingfrom the lens 18; the disk 49 is placed behind the arm g and the plate 22 (see Fig. 7 which shows a front view of the disk- 49, the lens 18 and the arm 9 as well as the electro-magnet f). On the disk 49 are placed colored and transparent bands, which by their coloration and their arrangement correspond-exactly to the solar spectrum. The order in which they are placed isz'red. 51, orange 52, Lyellow 53, green 54, blue 55, indigo blue 56, violet 57, and thesame colors are presented again in the same order on the the wheel; after violet comes red, and so on.

The disk 49 is divided into six colored spectra 58 the number of spectrashould in fact correspond to the holes 41 of the disk 39' which also are six-.in number. The separating disks 39 and 49 turn with exactly the same speed in the direction of the arrows. In this manner if a hole of the disk 39 comes in front of'a definite color of'the spectrum 38 and thus causes aray of this color to fall on the selenium cell, the corresponding'color of the colored spectrum of the disk 49 is at the same moment placedat the focus of the receiving station. Further, the electro-magnet f attracts the core 26 with a force corresponding to the illumination, and this brings the corresponding portion of the plate 22 into the focus of the rays. In this manner the ray which has issued from the luminoussource 15 and is received on the screen 21 corresponds exactly as to color and luminous intensity to the ray proceeding from the image in the dark chamber. The greater part of the points of the image .in the dark chamber are formed by several .colors but all the elementary rays are combined at the same point on the receiving screen; the time required for the passage of the spectrum is equal to the time required for the distribution of the rays which have issued from the point. The image is thus transmitted more'quickly than the human eye is able to distinguish it; the images appearing enlarged and undergoing various changes caused by the movements of the men, animals and objects, by the variations of light and of coloration. The images thus obtained will be altogether similar to the natural objects.

For separating the images endless ribbons 59 shown in Fig. 8 can be employed instead of the disks 39 and these ribbons are separated from one another, as in the case of the holes 41, by an interval equal to the length of the spectrum 61. The disk 49 can also be replaced by an endless ribbon 62 serving for the coloration (Fig. 9), this ribbon following the colors of the spectrum (33 arranged as the spectrum 58.

The comparison of luminous intensities of diversely colored rays is somewhat arbitrary, since it is difficult in the practice to appreciate the equality of brightness of two spots of different colors, say violet and red. For this reason it has been proposed to define the luminous intensity of a number of rays by means of the action on a seleniuin cell, but this definition is not adopted and if the ordinary and imperfect definition is accepted, it may be admitted that the red rays have a greater effect on the selenium. In every case, the operation and the construction of the described apparatus are not directly connected to the solution of this question. In fact, if the red rays diminish the resistance of the selenium more than the violet rays, the emission of current will be greater for the red rays than for the violet rays, but,-it suflices to make the red band 51 darker than the violet band 57 for realizing an exact reproduction of the red and violet colors. The same is true for the other colors. In practice, the toning of the bands 5157 is determined by trials until satisfactory results are obtained. I

The apparatus described above may if necessary be placed near the telephone. One can then, if one possesses the corresponding apparatus, see at the same time, with their living movements and their colors the image of the person to whom one is talking. By means of an interrupter it will be possible either to see or to talk by employing only the telephone wire. Finally this apparatus can be employed for verifying documents for exhibiting samples, machines in movements, objects and various merchandise and for every kind of control. It can also be very well employed in the army, not to mention passing events and theatricalrepresem tations.

We claim:

1. The method of transmitting colored colored rays of the images to a distance,

images to a distance which comprises projecting an image of the object, point by point, on a selenium cell, separating the rays falling'on said cell, as regards their color, projecting rays on a screen in correspondence with the aforesaid projection of the image, varying the intensity of such light rays in'accordance with the changes in the selenium cell, and varying the color of said rays in correspondence with the aforesaid separation of the rays.

2. The method of transmitting colored which comprises projecting the image point by point on a selenium cell, projecting light rays on a screen in correspondence with the aforesaid projection, varying the intensity of the rays on the screen in accordance with the effects produced of said rays in accordance with the coloring of the rays falling on said cell.

7 In apparatus fortransmitting images to a distance, a selenium cell, means for projecting an image, point by point, on said cell, a screen, means to throw light rays on said screen in correspondence with the aforesaid projection of the image, a shutter to vary the intensity of the rays falling on said screen, an electromagnet to operate said shutter, and a connection between said electro-magnet and said selenium cell.

4. In apparatus for transmitting colored images to a distance, a transmitting station having a selenium cell, and means to project rays thereon, means to separate the colored rays falling on said cell, said means comprising a movable perforated member placed in front of said cell, and a receiving stat-ion having ray projecting means, means controlled by said cell to vary the intensity of the rays, and ray coloring means comprising a multi-colored transparent member movable in consonance with said first named member.

5. In apparatus for transmitting colored images to a distance, the combination with colorseparating means at the transnntting station, including a prism, and a movable perforated member through which the rays are projected from said prism, of ray coloring means at the receiving statlon comprising a multi-colored transparent member movable in consonance with said first named member.

In testimony whereof we afiix tures, in presence of two witnesses.

ANDERS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN. LAURITZ SOPHUS ANDERSEN. Witnesses:

ANTON HENRIK KIANDER, DEAN B. MASON.

in said cell, and varying the color our signa- 

